Pali mitundu yambiri ya polyamide, ndipo nayiloni 12 ndi yodziwika bwino chifukwa cha magwiridwe ake abwino komanso magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana.

Polyamide (PA), yomwe imadziwikanso kuti nayiloni, ndi polima yokhala ndi magulu a amide pamagawo obwereza pamsana wam'mbuyo.Nayiloni imatha kupangidwa kukhala mapulasitiki osiyanasiyana, opangidwa kukhala ulusi, komanso kupanga mafilimu, zokutira ndi zomatira.Chifukwa nayiloni imakhala ndi kukana kwamakina abwino, kukana kutentha, kukana kuvala ndi zinthu zina, zogulitsa zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzovala, ulusi wamafakitale, magalimoto, makina, zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi, zoyendera, zonyamula katundu ndi zina zambiri.
Ntchito za nayiloni zapansi panthaka ndizokulirapo kwambiri

Gwero: tsamba lovomerezeka la Lianchuang, Changjiang Securities Research Institute

Banja la nayiloni likupitilira kukula, ndipo magwiridwe antchito a nayiloni apadera amakhala bwino
Nayiloni ili ndi mbiri yakale komanso banja lomwe likukula.Mu 1935, PA66 idapangidwa koyamba mu labotale, ndipo mu 1938, DuPont idalengeza mwalamulo kubadwa kwa ulusi woyamba padziko lonse lapansi ndikuutcha nayiloni.M'zaka zotsatira, banja la nayiloni linakula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mitundu yatsopano monga PA6, PA610, ndi PA11 ikupitiriza kuonekera.PA6 ndi PA66.Ndi njira zopangira zokhwima komanso ntchito zambiri, PA6 ndi PA66 akadali mitundu iwiri yofunidwa kwambiri yazinthu za nayiloni.

Mbiri yachitukuko cha zinthu za nayiloni

Chitsime: China Textile Industry Research Institute, Changjiang Securities Research Institute

Nayiloni ikhoza kugawidwa kukhala aliphatic, theka-onunkhira, zonunkhira zonse, ndi zina zotero malinga ndi kapangidwe kake ka unyolo waukulu.Aliphatic polyamide ndi mzere wa polima, womwe umalumikizidwa nthawi zonse ndi magawo a methyl chain ndi magulu amide, ndipo umakhala wolimba bwino.Kulowetsedwa kwa mphete zonunkhiritsa pamsana kumatha kuchepetsa kusuntha kwa unyolo wa maselo ndikuwonjezera kutentha kwa galasi, potero kumathandizira kukana kutentha komanso makina azinthu za nayiloni.Chimodzi mwazinthu za polyamide chikakhala ndi mphete ya benzene, polyamide yonunkhira bwino imatha kukonzedwa, ndipo zida zonse ziwiri zikakhala ndi mphete ya benzene, polyamide yonunkhira bwino imatha kukonzedwa.Semi-onunkhira polyamide kutentha kukana, makina katundu kumatheka, ndipo ali wabwino dimensional bata ndi zosungunulira kukana, zonse onunkhira polyamide ali kopitilira muyeso-mkulu mphamvu, mkulu modulus, kutentha kukana, asidi ndi alkali kukana, kukana ma radiation ndi zinthu zina zabwino kwambiri, koma chifukwa mawonekedwe ake ofananira kwambiri amaketani amakhala ndi mphete zowirira za benzene ndi magulu a amide, kotero kuti magwiridwe antchito ake ndi otsika pang'ono, ovuta kukwaniritsa jekeseni, mtengo wake ndi wokwera kwambiri.
Mapangidwe a maselo amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya polyamide

Gwero: China Textile Industry Research Institute, "Structural Properties and Applications of Semi-aromatic Nylon", Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Gulu ndi mawonekedwe a polyamide

Gwero: China Textile Industry Research Institute, .Zomangamanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nayiloni ya theka-onunkhira, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Poyerekeza ndi mitundu wamba, nayiloni yapadera yokhala ndi ma monomers atsopano opangira imagwira bwino ntchito.Ngakhale pambuyo kusinthidwa, nayiloni ochiritsira (PA6, PA66, etc.) akadali ndi zofooka monga wamphamvu hydrophilicity, kutentha kukana kutentha, ndi kusaonekera bwino, amene amachepetsa kagwiritsidwe ntchito pamlingo wakutiwakuti.Chifukwa chake, pofuna kukonza zolakwika za nayiloni wamba ndikuwonjezera mawonekedwe atsopano, nayiloni yapadera yokhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana imatha kupezeka poyambitsa ma monomers atsopano opangira kuti agwirizane ndi zochitika zambiri.Nayiloni zapaderazi zimaphatikizapo nayiloni yotentha kwambiri, nayiloni yayitali ya carbon, nayiloni yowonekera, nayiloni yochokera ku bio, ndi nayiloni elastomer.

Mitundu ndi mawonekedwe a nayiloni yapadera

Gwero: Aibon Polymer, Changjiang Securities Research Institute

Ubwino wa PA12 mu nayiloni yayitali ya kaboni ukuwonetsedwa
Nayiloni yayitali ya kaboni imakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri, ndipo nayiloni 12 ili ndi magwiridwe antchito komanso mtengo wake.Nayiloni yokhala ndi utali wa methylene wopitilira 10 pakati pa magulu awiri a amide mumsana wa molekyulu ya nayiloni imatchedwa nayiloni yayitali ya carbon, ndipo mitundu yayikulu ndi nayiloni 11, nayiloni 12, nayiloni 612, nayiloni 1212, nayiloni 1012, nayiloni 1313, ndi zina zotero. Nayiloni 12 ndiyomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi nayiloni yayitali kwambiri ya carbon, kuphatikiza pazinthu zambiri za nayiloni wamba, imakhala ndi mayamwidwe amadzi otsika, ndipo imakhala ndi kukhazikika kwapamwamba kwambiri, kukana kutentha kwambiri, kukana dzimbiri, kulimba kwabwino, kukonza kosavuta komanso ubwino wina.Poyerekeza ndi PA11, wina wautali mpweya unyolo nayiloni zakuthupi, mtengo wa PA12 yaiwisi butadiene ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a PA11 yaiwisi mafuta castor mafuta, amene akhoza m'malo PA11 mu zochitika zambiri, ndipo ali osiyanasiyana ntchito mu mapaipi mafuta galimoto, ma hoses air brake, zingwe zapansi pamadzi, kusindikiza kwa 3D ndi madera ena ambiri.

Kufananiza kwa nylon

Gwero: Kukula ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Nayiloni 12, Liyue Chemical, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Pambuyo pake, tidzafotokoza momwe msika wa nayiloni ulili, ndikuyang'ana kwambiri kafukufuku wathu pakupezeka ndi kufunikira kwa makampani a nayiloni 12.
Ntchitoyi imakhala yamaluwa ambiri, ndipo kufunikira kwa nayiloni ndikwamphamvu
Msika wa kukula kwa nayiloni ukukula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo nayiloni yapadera imachita bwino
Kufunika kwa nayiloni padziko lonse lapansi kukukulirakulirabe, pomwe China ndi msika wofunikira.Malinga ndi Reports and Data, kukula kwa msika wa nayiloni padziko lonse lapansi kudafika $27.29 biliyoni mu 2018, ndipo kukula kwa msika kukuyembekezeka kupitiliza kukula pamlingo wa 4.3% mtsogolomo, ndipo chiwerengerochi chikuyembekezeka kukwera mpaka $38.30 biliyoni mu 2026. Dera la Asia-Pacific ndi msika wofunikira wogwiritsa ntchito nayiloni, pomwe msika waku China ndiwofunikira kwambiri.Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa Lingao Consulting, kukula kwa msika wa nayiloni ku China kuyambira 2011 mpaka 2018 kudafika 10.0%, ndipo mu 2018, chifukwa cha kukwera kwa kuchuluka ndi mtengo wazinthu za nayiloni, kukula kwa msika wapanyumba kudafika 101.23 biliyoni. yuan, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi chaka ndi 30.5%.Malinga ndi deta yogwiritsira ntchito, kupindula ndi chitukuko chofulumira cha chuma cha pakhomo, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zinthu za nayiloni ku China kwafika matani 4.327 miliyoni mu 2018, ndipo kukula kwapawiri kuyambira 2011 mpaka 2018 kwafika 11.0%.
Kukula kwa msika wa nayiloni waku China kukupitilira kukula
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwamakampani a nayiloni ku China kukukulirakulira
Chitsime: Lingao Consulting, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Gwero: Ling Ao Consulting, General Administration of Customs, Changjiang Securities Research Institute

Kukula kwa msika wa nayiloni wapadera kumakhala pafupifupi 10%, pomwe nayiloni 12 ndi yomwe imakhala yayikulu kwambiri.Malinga ndi data ya MRFR, kukula kwa msika wapadera wa nayiloni padziko lonse lapansi kunali $2.64 biliyoni mu 2018, kuwerengera pafupifupi 9.7% yonse.Kufunika kwa magetsi opepuka komanso obiriwira opulumutsa magalimoto ndiye gwero lalikulu lakukula kwa msika wapadera wa nayiloni, ndipo akuyembekezeka kuti msika wapadera wapadziko lonse lapansi wapadziko lonse lapansi upitilira kukula pamlingo wa 5.5% mtsogolomo, womwe ndi apamwamba kuposa makampani onse a nayiloni.Pamsika wonse wapadera wa nayiloni, chinthu chachikulu kwambiri pamsika ndi nayiloni 12, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zida zapulasitiki, kupanga magalimoto, kupanga ndege, kusindikiza kwa 3D, zida zamagetsi, zida zamakina, ukadaulo wamankhwala, mafakitale amafuta ndi gasi ndi magawo ena. , ndi chosasinthika champhamvu.Malinga ndi data ya MRFR, kukula kwa msika wa nayiloni 12 padziko lonse lapansi kudafika $1.07 biliyoni mu 2018 ndipo akuyembekezeka kukula pang'onopang'ono kufika $1.42 biliyoni mu 2024 pakukula kwapawiri kwa 5.2%.

Kugawidwa kwa Mapulogalamu Otsika a Nylon 12 (2018)
Nylon 12 kukula msika wapadziko lonse lapansi ukukula pang'onopang'ono (US $ biliyoni)
Source: MRFR Analysis, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Source: MRFR Analysis, Changjiang Securities Research Institute

Pansipa tikusanthula kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka nayiloni 12 pamagalimoto, kusindikiza kwa 3D, kuchotsa mafuta ndi gasi ndi magawo ena ambiri.

Kukula kwa zofuna kumayendetsedwa ndi kachitidwe ka magalimoto opepuka
M'malo ofunikira a nayiloni 12, msika waukulu kwambiri wogwiritsa ntchito ndi makampani opanga magalimoto, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito nayiloni 12 pamakampani opanga magalimoto kunatenga 36.7% ya ndalama zonse zomwe msika udapeza mu 2018. makampani oyendetsa magalimoto, kuchepetsa kulemera kwa galimoto, popanda kusokoneza chitetezo ndi chitonthozo, njira yothetsera vutoli ndiyo kusintha mbali zachitsulo m'galimoto.Nayiloni 12 imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapaipi oyendetsa magalimoto amadzimadzi, kuphatikiza mizere yamafuta, mizere yolumikizira, mizere ya vacuum brake brake, mizere yama brake air, mizere yozizirira batire ndi mfundo zamapaipi omwe ali pamwambapa, chifukwa chachitetezo chake komanso kudalirika, ndi njira yabwino kwambiri. magalimoto opepuka zakuthupi.

Gawo la kugwiritsa ntchito nayiloni 12 pamagalimoto

Gwero: Tsamba la UBE, Changjiang Securities Research Institute

Poyerekeza ndi zitsulo ndi mphira zipangizo, nayiloni 12 amapereka ubwino waukulu.Poyerekeza ndi zipangizo zachitsulo, nylon 12 zinthu ndizopepuka, zomwe zingathe kuchepetsa kulemera kwa galimoto yonse ndipo motero kuchepetsa mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu;Kusinthasintha kwabwino, kosavuta kukonza, kumatha kuchepetsa olowa, osavuta kupunduka ndi zotsatira zakunja;Kugwedera kwabwino ndi kukana dzimbiri;Cholumikizira chimakhala ndi kusindikiza bwino komanso kuyika kosavuta;Extrusion ndi yosavuta ndipo ndondomekoyi ndi yosavuta.Poyerekeza ndi zida za mphira, mapaipi opangidwa ndi nayiloni 12 ali ndi makoma owonda, voliyumu yaying'ono ndi kulemera kopepuka, zomwe sizikhudza dongosolo la danga;elasticity Good, akhoza kukhala elasticity pansi pa kutentha kwambiri ndi kukana ukalamba kwambiri;Palibe chifukwa cha vulcanization, palibe chifukwa chowonjezera kuluka, ukadaulo wosavuta wokonza.

Kufalikira kwa magalimoto opepuka komanso magalimoto amphamvu atsopano akuyendetsa kufunikira kwa nayiloni 12. Pafupifupi 70% ya ma hoses amagalimoto (mapaipi a brake, mapaipi amafuta, ma hose a clutch, etc.) United States imagwiritsa ntchito zida za nayiloni 12.Pofuna kulimbikitsa ntchito yomanga magalimoto, SAE China yapatsidwa udindo ndi National Strategic Advisory Committee for Manufacturing Power ndi Unduna wa Zamakampani ndi Zaukadaulo Waukadaulo, ndipo akatswiri opitilira 500 pamakampani adafufuza, adalemba ndikutulutsa "Technology". Roadmap for Energy-Saving and New Energy Vehicles ", kutchula "ukadaulo wamagalimoto opepuka" ngati imodzi mwanjira zazikulu zisanu ndi ziwiri zaukadaulo, ndikuyika patsogolo cholinga chochepetsa kulemera kwagalimoto ndi 10%, 20% ndi 35% mu 2020, 2025 ndi 2030 poyerekeza ndi 2015, ndipo mayendedwe opepuka akuyembekezeka kuyendetsa kukula kwa kufunikira kwa zida zopepuka.Kuphatikiza apo, pakupangidwa kwa magalimoto amagetsi atsopano, nayiloni 12 ndiyofunikira pamakina amafuta ndi ma batire amitundu yonse yamagetsi ndi hybrid.Pomwe vuto la mliri likuchepa pang'onopang'ono, kupanga ndi kugulitsa magalimoto ndi magalimoto amagetsi atsopano ku China akuyembekezeka kuyambiranso kukula, zomwe zipitilize kuyendetsa kufunikira kwa nayiloni 12 kuti ikule.
Kupanga ndi kugulitsa magalimoto aku China
Kupanga ndi kugulitsa magalimoto amagetsi atsopano ku China
Gwero: China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Gwero: China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, Changjiang Securities Research Institute

Zosasinthika za 3D zosindikizira
Msika wapadziko lonse wosindikiza wa 3D ukukula mwachangu, ndipo mayendedwe amakampani ku China akwera kwambiri.Kupanga kowonjezera (kusindikiza kwa 3D) kumakhudza kwambiri kapangidwe kazinthu zachikhalidwe, kuyenda kwa njira, mzere wopanga, mawonekedwe a fakitale, ndi kuphatikiza kwaunyolo wamafakitale chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake kupanga mwachangu mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagulu omangika, ndipo wakhala m'modzi mwa oimira kwambiri komanso ukadaulo wosokoneza wamakampani opanga zinthu, ndipo umadziwika kuti ukadaulo wapakatikati pa "third industrial revolution".Malinga ndi a Wohlers Associates, mtengo wapadziko lonse lapansi wosindikiza wa 3D udakwera kuchoka pa $1.33 biliyoni mu 2010 mpaka $8.37 biliyoni mu 2018, ndi CAGR ya 25.9%.Ukadaulo waku China wosindikiza wa 3D unayamba mochedwa poyerekeza ndi maiko aku Europe ndi America, koma mayendedwe amakampani akwera kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa.Malinga ndi ziwerengero za Prospective Industry Research Institute, kukula kwa msika wamakampani osindikizira a 3D ku China kudangofikira madola 160 miliyoni aku US mchaka cha 2012, ndipo wakula mwachangu mpaka $ 2.09 biliyoni mu 2018.
Mtengo wotulutsa ndi kukula kwamakampani osindikizira a 3D padziko lonse lapansi
Kukula ndi kukula kwa msika waku China wosindikiza wa 3D
Gwero: Wohlers Associates, Wind, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Gwero: Zakale Institute Research Research, Changjiang Securities Research Institute

Zipangizo ndizofunikira kwambiri pakupanga ukadaulo wosindikiza wa 3D.Kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zinthu kumatsimikizira ngati kusindikiza kwa 3D kungakhale ndi ntchito yochulukirapo, komanso ndizovuta zomwe zikulepheretsa kusindikiza kwa 3D.Malingana ndi ziwerengero zochokera ku Markets and Markets, kukula kwa msika wapadziko lonse wa zipangizo zosindikizira za 3D zadutsa $ 1 biliyoni mu 2018 ndipo zikuyembekezeka kupitirira $ 4.5 biliyoni mu 2024. Malinga ndi deta ya Prospective Industry Research Institute, kukula kwa zipangizo zosindikizira za 3D za ku China. msika wakhala ukukula mofulumira, kuchokera 260 miliyoni yuan mu 2012 mpaka 2.99 biliyoni yuan mu 2017, ndipo akuyembekezeka kuti kukula msika wa 3D kusindikiza zipangizo ku China akuyembekezeka kupitirira 16 biliyoni yuan mu 2024.

Kukula kwa msika wapadziko lonse wa 3D 2017-2024 (US $ biliyoni)
2012-2024 China's 3D zipangizo zosindikizira msika kukula (100 miliyoni yuan)
Gwero: Market and Markets, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Chitsime: Oyembekezera Viwanda Research Institute, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Zinthu za nayiloni 12 zimagwira bwino ntchito yosindikiza ya 3D.Poyerekeza ndi zipangizo zina, PA12 ufa ali ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri monga fluidity mkulu, magetsi otsika malo amodzi, otsika mayamwidwe madzi, zolimbitsa kusungunuka mfundo ndi mkulu dimensional kulondola zinthu, kukana kutopa ndi kulimba angathenso kukumana ndi zosowa za workpieces amafuna katundu mkulu makina, kotero nayiloni 12 pang'onopang'ono yakhala chinthu choyenera chosindikizira cha 3D cha mapulasitiki a engineering.

Kugwiritsa ntchito PA12 pakusindikiza kwa 3D

Gwero: Tsamba la Sculpteo, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Kuyerekeza kwa zinthu zosindikizira za 3D (mwa 5)

Gwero: Tsamba la Sculpteo, Changjiang Securities Research Institute

Malinga ndi ziwerengero za Prospective Industry Research Institute, PA12 inali yachinayi pamakampani osindikizira a 3D padziko lonse lapansi mchaka cha 2017, yomwe inali 5.6%, ndipo mu 2018, zida zosindikizira za nayiloni za 3D zaku China zidatenga 14.1%.Kupanga zida za nayiloni 12 m'tsogolo kudzakhazikitsa maziko a chitukuko chamakampani osindikizira a 3D ku China.

Msika wapadziko lonse wa 3D zida zosindikizira mu 2017
Kapangidwe ka msika wa zida zosindikizira za 3D ku China mu 2018
Gwero: Qianqi Viwanda Research Institute, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Chitsime: Oyembekezera Viwanda Research Institute, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Zida zogwira ntchito kwambiri pamakampani opanga mafuta ndi gasi
Mayendedwe amafuta ndi gasi amafunikira zinthu zambiri zofunika kwambiri.Zinthu za PA12 zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kumtunda ndi kumtunda kwamtunda, mapaipi a gasi, zomangira, zokutira zachitsulo kwazaka zambiri, zomwe zingalepheretse kukokoloka kwa madzi a m'nyanja ndi kuwonongeka kwamadzi amafuta, ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zokwera zosunthika zonyamula mafuta am'nyanja zam'madzi ndi gasi. madzi ophatikizidwa, makina ogawa gasi achilengedwe pazovuta mpaka 20bar, ndi zina zotere, zomwe zimakhala ndi moyo wabwino kwambiri wautumiki komanso chitetezo chambiri kuposa zida zina, ndipo ndi zida zogwira ntchito kwambiri pakupititsa patsogolo bizinesi yonyamula mafuta ndi gasi.Monga payipi yotumizira mpweya, PA12 yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zopitilira khumi.Poyerekeza ndi mapaipi achitsulo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pachikhalidwe chapansi-kuthamanga kwambiri kapena kupatsirana kwa gasi, mapaipi amafuta a PA12 amatha kuwonjezera moyo wapaipiyo ndikuchepetsa kwambiri mtengo woyika mapaipi ndi kukonza kotsatira.China inanena mu "Mapulani a Zaka khumi ndi Zitatu" kuti mu nthawi ya "Mapulani a Zaka khumi ndi zitatu", pafupifupi makilomita 5,000 a mapaipi amafuta opanda mafuta, makilomita 12,000 a mapaipi amafuta oyeretsedwa ndi ma kilomita 40,000 a thunthu la gasi watsopano ndi mapaipi othandizira. yomangidwa, yopereka chilimbikitso chatsopano pakukula kwa PA12.

Malo oyika mapaipi a gasi PA12 ku Beckum, Germany

Chitsime: Changjiang Securities Research Institute, tsamba lovomerezeka la kampaniyo
Malo ochezeka komanso odalirika chingwe ndi waya m'chimake
.PA12 angagwiritsidwe ntchito zingwe sitima zapamadzi ndi zoyandama chingwe cladding zipangizo, chingwe odana ndi nyerere m'chimake, kuwala CHIKWANGWANI m'chimake.Nayiloni 12 imakhala ndi kutentha kochepa komanso kukana kwanyengo, komwe kumakhala koyenera kupanga zingwe zoyankhulirana zapadera zomwe zimafunikira nyengo yonse (-50 ~ 70 ° C).Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chingwe chapansi pamadzi ndi zida zoyandama zotchingira chingwe, ziyenera kuganizira malo apadera komanso zochitika zapadera zogwirira ntchito panyanja, kotero waya amafunika kukhala ndi m'mimba mwake yaying'ono, kuvala kukana, kupirira kuthamanga kwa madzi, mphamvu yokwanira yolimba, ndi zokwanira kutchinjiriza kukana m'madzi a m'nyanja.Nylon 12 ndi insulator yabwino yamagetsi, sizingakhudze ntchito yotsekemera chifukwa cha chinyezi, ngakhale itayikidwa m'madzi (kapena m'madzi a m'nyanja) kwa nthawi yaitali, kukana kwake kumatirira kumakhala kokwera kwambiri, osachepera dongosolo la kukula kwake. Kuposa zida zina za nayiloni, kugwiritsa ntchito PA12 kuyika waya pakuwononga waya ndikwabwino, koyikidwa pansi panyanja kwa zaka zitatu popanda kusintha.Chingwe chotsutsana ndi udzudzu chinkapangidwa kale ndi PE, PVC ndi njira yopangira tizilombo kapena mkuwa, pali mtengo wokwera, kukonza zovuta, kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe, kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, nthawi yosakhazikika yovomerezeka ndi zofooka zina, kugwiritsa ntchito sheath ya nayiloni 12 pakali pano njira yodalirika komanso yosamalira zachilengedwe.Kuonjezera apo, kutayika kwa chizindikiro kwa kuwala kwa fiber sheath yopangidwa ndi zinthu za PA12 ndikotsika kwambiri pakati pa zipangizo zopangira, kotero kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu chingwe cholumikizira chingwe cha optical fiber.
Nayiloni 12 ya pulasitiki kuwala CHIKWANGWANI (POF)

Chitsime: Changjiang Securities Research Institute, tsamba lovomerezeka la kampaniyo

Photovoltaic, magetsi, zokutira, ma CD, minda yachipatala ali ndi luso lawo
M'zaka zaposachedwa, zida zamagetsi zimafunikira kuti ziziyenda ndi phokoso lochepa, ndipo zida zopangidwa ndi nayiloni 12 zimatha kutsekedwa, ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzojambulira matepi, zida za wotchi, waya wamagetsi ndi zida zazing'ono zamakina olondola.The resistivity ya nayiloni 12 imasintha kwambiri ndi kutentha, ndipo kusintha kogwirizira kumakhala kochepa, komwe kungagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zigawo za kutentha kwa mabulangete amagetsi ndi makapeti amagetsi.
Chovala ndi nylon 12, filimu yophimba imakhala ndi kukana kwabwino kwambiri, kotero imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zokutira zapamwamba komanso zomatira.PA12 ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mu mbale ya chotsukira mbale zatsopano kuti zitsimikizire kuti mbale yachitsulo sichikutha m'malo oyeretsera kutentha kwambiri ndipo imakhala ndi moyo wautali wautumiki;Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pamipando yakunja, monga mabenchi a paki, omwe amatha kuletsa dzimbiri lachitsulo pambuyo popaka PA12.
filimu ya PA12 yowonekera, yopanda poizoni, mpweya wamadzi ndi gasi (Oz, N2, CO2) transmittance ndi yochepa, yosungidwa m'madzi otentha kwa chaka chimodzi osasintha, ndipo filimu yopangidwa ndi polyethylene yowombedwa ndi extrusion ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga pepala la filimu, kuteteza ndi phukusi chakudya, ndi ubwino fungo, nthunzi yoziziritsa kukana ndi kutentha otsika zabwino.Nayiloni 12 imamatira bwino kuchitsulo, ndipo mukamangirira chakudya, mtengo wosindikiza ndi 100%, ndipo mphamvu yopukutira ndiyokwera.
PA12 imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mankhwala a unamwino, pomwe makina a catheter ndi ofunika kwambiri, ndipo catheter yopangidwa iyenera kukhala yosavuta kuluka, koma yosapindika komanso yosasweka.PA12 ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri popanga catheter chifukwa cha kuphulika kwakukulu, kusinthasintha kwabwino, kukana mankhwala, kugwirizana ndi madzi am'thupi komanso opanda poizoni, mogwirizana ndi zofunikira za US Food and Drug Administration ndi European Union pazogulitsa zamankhwala.

Makampani akunja amawongolera zoperekera, zopanga zapakhomo zikuyembekezeka kudutsa kukula kwachangu kwamakampani a nayiloni, ndipo pakadali kusiyana m'magulu apamwamba.
Kuthekera kopanga nayiloni ku China kukukulirakulira, koma zinthu zotsika mtengo zikufunikabe kutumizidwa kunja.M'zaka zaposachedwa, kupindula ndi kuwonjezeka kwa caprolactam zoweta, zopangira zazikulu za nayiloni 6, ndi kukoka mofulumira kwa kutsika kwa mitsinje, luso la kupanga nayiloni la China lakhala likuyenda bwino, ndipo mphamvu zopanga zalowa mu gawo la chitukuko chofulumira. .Mu 2018, mphamvu yopanga pachaka yamakampani a nayiloni ku China idafika matani 5.141 miliyoni, CAGR = 12.7% kuyambira 2011 mpaka 2018, ndipo zotulukazo zidakulanso mwachangu ndi mphamvu yopanga, zomwe zidatulutsa matani 3.766 miliyoni mu 2018 ndi CAGR = 15.8% Kuchokera ku 2011 mpaka 2018. Kuchokera pakuwona za kuitanitsa ndi kutumiza kunja, makampani a nayiloni aku China asungabe katundu wochokera kunja, ndi kuchuluka kwa matani 508,000 mu 2019, makamaka zinthu zina zapamwamba zimakhalabe zodalira kwambiri kunja, ndipo pali chiwongoladzanja chachikulu. malo oti alowe m'malo mtsogolo.
Mphamvu yopanga nayiloni yaku China ikupitilira kukula
M'zaka zaposachedwa, kuitanitsa ndi kutumiza kunja kwa makampani a nayiloni ku China
Chitsime: Lingao Consulting, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Gwero: General Administration of Customs, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Zotchinga zaukadaulo zimapanga kukhazikika kwakukulu, ndipo oligopolies amalamulira msika wa nayiloni 12

Njira yayikulu yopanga nayiloni 12 ndi njira ya oxime, ndipo zopinga zaukadaulo ndizokwera.Nylon 12 nthawi zambiri imakonzedwa ndi cyclododecatriene (CDT) ndi laurolactam-ring-opening polycondensation pogwiritsa ntchito butadiene monga zopangira, ndipo ndondomekoyi imaphatikizapo njira ya oxime, njira ya optical nitrosation ndi njira ya Snya, yomwe njira ya oxime ndiyo njira yaikulu.Kupanga nayiloni 12 ndi njira ya oxidation oxime iyenera kudutsa masitepe 7, monga triperization, catalytic hydrogenation, oxidation, ketification, oximization, Beckmann rearrangement, ring-opening polymerization, etc., ndipo ndondomeko yonse imagwiritsa ntchito benzene, fuming sulfuric acid. ndi zida zina zapoizoni komanso zowononga, kutentha kotsegulira polima kuyenera kukhala 270-300 ° C, ndipo njira zopangira ndizovuta kugwira ntchito.Pakadali pano, opanga ambiri omwe amaimiridwa ndi Evonik amagwiritsa ntchito njira yodziwika bwino ya butadiene ngati zopangira, ndipo Ube Industries yaku Japan italandira chilolezo chaukadaulo ku British Petrochemical Company, idatengera njira ya cyclohexanone ngati zopangira kuti ikwaniritse kupanga kwa mafakitale a PA12. .

Njira yopangira nayiloni 12

Gwero: Kupanga ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito kwa Nayiloni Yaitali Ya Carbon Chain 11, 12 ndi 1212, Changjiang Securities Research Institute

Pansi pa oligopoly, kuchuluka kwa mafakitale a nayiloni 12 ndikokwera kwambiri.Mu 70s ya zaka za m'ma 20, nayiloni 12 idapangidwa koyamba ndi Degussa waku Germany, yemwe adatsogolera Evonik Industries (Evonik), kenako Swiss EMS, French Arkema ndi Japan's Ube Industries (UBE) adalengezanso nkhani yopanga mafakitale, ndi opanga anayi akuluakulu adziwa bwino luso la kupanga nayiloni 12 kwa pafupifupi theka la zana.Pakalipano, mphamvu yopangira nayiloni 12 padziko lonse lapansi imaposa matani 100,000 / chaka, pomwe Evonik ali ndi mphamvu yopangira matani pafupifupi 40,000 / chaka, kukhala woyamba.Mu 2014, INVISTA adalemba zolemba zingapo za nayiloni 12 zopangira, akuyembekeza kulowa mumsika wa nayiloni 12, koma pakadali pano palibe nkhani yopanga.

Chifukwa cha mpikisano wokhazikika, zochitika zadzidzidzi zapambali zidzakhudza kwambiri msika wonse.Mwachitsanzo, pa March 31, 2012, fakitale ya Evonik ku Marl, Germany, inachititsa kuphulika chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa moto, zomwe zinakhudza kupanga ma CDT ofunika kwambiri kwa miyezi yoposa 8, zomwe zinachititsa kuti CDT ikhale yochepa kwambiri. kutembenuka kudapangitsa kuti PA12 ipezeke padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo idapangitsanso ena opanga magalimoto otsika kulephera kuyamba bwino.Sizinatheke mpaka chomera cha Evonik CDT chidabwezeretsedwanso kumapeto kwa 2012 pomwe kuperekedwa kwa nayiloni 12 kunayambiranso pang'onopang'ono.

Kuti akwaniritse zofuna zamphamvu, chimphonachi chinalengeza mapulani okulitsa kupanga.Kuti akwaniritse kufunika kokulirapo kwa zida za PA12, mu 2018, Arkema adalengeza kuti iwonjezera mphamvu zake zopanga zinthu zapadziko lonse za PA12 ndi 25% pasukulu yake ya Changshu ku China, ndipo ikuyembekezeka kuyamba kupanga mkati mwa 2020.Evonik waku Germany adalengezanso ndalama zokwana ma euro 400 miliyoni kuti awonjezere mphamvu yake yopanga zinthu za PA12 ndi 50 peresenti ku Marl Industrial Park, yomwe ikuyenera kuyamba kugwira ntchito koyambirira kwa 2021.

Malo ena opanga PA12 ku Marl
Kuchuluka kwa mafakitale a nayiloni 12 ndikokwera kwambiri
Gwero: Tsamba la Evonik, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Chitsime: Changjiang Securities Research Institute

Mothandizidwa ndi ndondomeko ndi ndondomeko, mabizinesi apakhomo akukumana ndi zovuta

Mabizinesi apakhomo athana ndi nayiloni yayitali ya kaboni, ndipo mitundu ina yapita patsogolo.M'zaka za m'ma 50s za m'ma 50s wa zaka zapitazi, China anayamba kuyesa kutengerapo kupanga nayiloni wapadera woimiridwa ndi yaitali mpweya unyolo nayiloni, koma chifukwa cha njira zovuta njira, zinthu nkhanza kupanga, masitepe ambiri kaphatikizidwe, kukwera mtengo ndi zinthu zina, mpaka 90s. , Kupanga kwa mafakitale a nayiloni kwautali wa carbon ku China kunali kudakalipobe.Pa "Mapulani a Zaka zisanu ndi zinayi za zaka zisanu", gulu lofufuza za nayiloni la Zhengzhou University ndi Institute of Microbiology ya Chinese Academy of Sciences mogwirizana adapanga mapulani ofufuza asayansi ndiukadaulo, adafufuza ndikupanga ukadaulo wopanga mafakitale wokonzekera PA1212 ndi bio-fermentation wa dodeca-carbodiacid, ndipo anagwirizana ndi Shandong Zibo Guangtong Chemical Company kukwaniritsa kupanga mafakitale, kuwonjezera, Shandong Guangyin New Materials Co., Ltd. nayenso anapambana PA610, PA612, PA1012 ndi mitundu ina.

PA12 ndiyovuta kwambiri, ndipo zopambana zitha kuyembekezera mothandizidwa ndi mfundo.Mu 1977, Jiangsu Huaiyin Research Institute of Chemical Viwanda ndi Shanghai Institute of Synthetic Materials adagwirizana kuti apange nayiloni 12 ndi butadiene ngati zopangira.Pambuyo pake, Baling Petrochemical Co., Ltd. (omwe kale anali Yueyang Petrochemical General Plant) adachita kafukufuku wocheperako wa nayiloni 12 ndi cyclohexanone ngati zopangira, koma chifukwa cha njira yophatikizira ya PA12 mpaka masitepe 7 ndi zotchinga zapamwamba kwambiri, mabizinesi apakhomo sanakwanitsebe kupanga mafakitale, ndipo PA12 imadalirabe kuchokera kunja.M'zaka zaposachedwapa, China komanso mosalekeza anayambitsa ndondomeko kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha mafakitale apadera nayiloni, mokangalika kulimbikitsa ndondomeko kumasulira kwa zipangizo zapadera nayiloni, mothandizidwa ndi ndondomeko, mabizinezi zoweta adzapitiriza kukumana ndi mavuto, akuyembekezeka kuswa kuphwanya chitsanzo. pa PA12.

Ndondomekoyi ikulimbikitsa chitukuko cha mafakitale apadera a nayiloni monga nayiloni yaitali ya carbon

Gwero: Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China International Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd., China Machinery Industry Federation, etc., Changjiang Securities Research Institute